I.True or false. Directions: Judge whether the following statements are true or false. Write a T in the brackets after a true statements and an F before a false statements.

( ) 1. Listening comprehension is complex and there is a consensus on what subskills are needed for listening comprehension.

( ) 2. If the speed is too fast, students will not be able to process the words; on the other hand, if the speed is too slow, the material will lose its authenticity, which may bore the students.

( ) 3. The text-driven approach, which is a top-down listening approach, assumes that listening is a process of decoding the sounds which one hears.

( ) 4. The schema-driven approach, which is a bottom-up listening approach, explains the process of listening comprehension from the perspective of listener schematic and contextual knowledge, and is considered a macro processing approach.

( ) 5. The goals of teaching listening are to train student communicative competence in daily life, enabling accomplishment of tasks in the real-world with the help of listening, and to accelerate learning and development.

( ) 6. Listening comprehension involves literal understanding and connotative understanding, and includes five steps: identification, analysis, reconstruction, evaluation and application.

( ) 7. Communication competence is a complex concept, involving many factors, such as language, choice of words, society, culture, psychology and emotion etc.

( ) 8. The process of building communication competence is both staged and developmental. Through the different stages of the process, students can gradually transform their knowledge into skills.

( ) 9. The content of teaching speaking includes five components: language form, language content, functions, culture and strategies.

( ) 10. The PPP model is the model of presentation-practice-production. Task-based model follows the process of Pre-task, While-task and Post-task, that is, the PWP model.

II.Short answers. Directions: answer the following questions briefly.

1.Why is schema so important for teaching listening?

2.What is the gap between how speaking is taught in elementary and middle schools and the requirements of the National Curriculum Standards?

3.Please give an example to explain the teacher’s roles in task-based teaching of speaking.