1.F
2.T
3.F
4.F
5.T
6.T
7.T
8.T
9.T
10.T
1.Because listening is not only a process of decoding sounds, but also a process of prediction, inspection and validation. During the listening, listeners use non-linguistic media to predict, analyse and process listening material so that they can have a better and fuller understanding of the information. The non-linguistic media include cultural, practical, social, strategic and topic knowledge, the listening material, the speakers and the context, which are together called schematic knowledge.
2.The National Curriculum Standards require students to actually produce something of their own, be it facts or opinions. They have to achieve accuracy, fluency and appropriateness in speaking. However, in teaching speaking in elementary and middle schools, students are often made to repeat or mechanically imitate meaningless dialogues. No information gap exists and no communication is involved, which fails the goal of the Curriculum. As a result, students cannot speak English properly but only recite what’s in the textbook.
3.In task-based teaching of speaking, one task can be asking directions. Before the task, the teacher could be information provider and provide related words and expressions for students. S/he can even give an example of the task. During the task, the teacher can be a guider and helper if students have difficulty carrying out the tasks. S/he can also be a participant of the task. After the task, the teacher could be an evaluator to assess students’ completion of the task and come up with suggestions for the future.