英语课程与教学论

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课前准备：

阅读文章，完成小试牛刀的问答题。

教师导引：引导学生联系实际教学，让学生思考作为一名外语教师应遵循哪些原则。

小贴士：反思自己在实际备课上课的过程中是否尝试遵循这些英语教学原则。

小试牛刀

What is the student-centred principle in elementary and middle school English teaching?

教师解析：Students are both the subject of, and interactive participants in, teaching activities. Focusing on the student and giving full play to student initiatives are good guarantees of improving the quality of teaching and completing teaching tasks.
The student-centred principle in elementary and middle school English teaching is to design and develop teaching activities according to the real learning goals, learning mechanisms, motivation, interests and difficulties of the students, to encourage students' participation in activities which are designed to cultivate their language ability, communication skills and capacity for sustained development. The student-centred principle requires teachers to create a liberal, democratic and harmonious atmosphere, to establish an equal, consultative, cooperative teacher-student relationship, to give full play to students' initiative, in order to complete the task of teaching efficiently and to improve teaching quality. The purpose of the implementation of this student-centred principle is not to create a student-led self-learning process, but to foster understanding of the learner's purpose, motivation, self-confidence, anxiety etc., to develop student potential and guide them to find ways to solve problems so as to improve and maintain their self-confidence and to speed up the process of language acquisition. He couldn’t find his way home.

学习目标

After studying this chapter, you should be able to:

1.Understand the student-centred principle in elementary and middle school English teaching;

2.Appreciate the necessity of the student-centred principle in elementary and middle school English teaching; and

3.Master the main methods for effectively applying the student-centred principle in elementary and middle school English teaching.

4.Understand the reasonable objective principle in elementary and middle school English teaching;

5.Be clear on the characteristics of the reasonable objective principle in elementary and middle school English teaching; and

6.Master the major methods which support the reasonable objective principle in elementary and middle school English teaching.

7.Understand the effective principle in teaching English at elementary and middle school;

8.Be clear about the characteristics of the effective principle; and

9.Master the major methods for implementing the effective principle.

10.Understand the realistic principle in teaching elementary and middle school English;

11.Define the characteristics of the realistic principle; and

12.Master methods for implementing the realistic principle.

知识结构

Chapter 4 Principles of English Teaching in Schools
Student-centred Principle	Content	to design and develop teaching activities according to the real learning goals, learning mechanisms, motivation, interests and difficulties of the students to encourage students' participation in activities which are designed to cultivate their language ability, communication skills and capacity for sustained development. to create a liberal, democratic and harmonious atmosphere, to establish an equal, consultative, cooperative teacher-student relationship,  to give full play to students' initiative, in order to complete the task of teaching efficiently and to improve teaching quality.
	Need	The changes in concept results from the study of modern foreign language teaching theories. The National Curriculum Standards for English in Schools in China (2001) clearly pointed out that English curriculum should highlight the idea of student-centred teaching in the aspects of goal-setting, teaching process, curriculum evaluation and teaching resources development.
	Implementation Methods	Draw up rational teaching programs Reflect on the student-centred principle in teaching processes • Textbook analysis • Lessons preparation • Teaching activities • Teaching methods
Reasonable Objective Principle	Significance	Ideas behind teaching objectives: The relationship between teaching objectives, requirements, content and practices The classification of teaching objectives (1)Linguistic knowledge (2)Language skills (3)Socio-cultural awareness (4)Emotional attitude and values (5)Learning strategies The need for a reasonable objective
	Determine a Reasonable Objective Standard	To determine the teaching objectives, we must first have clear curriculum objectives. According to the National Curriculum Standards for English in Schools in China, the overall objective of the English curriculum for basic education is to develop students' comprehensive language proficiency.
	Approaches	Be student-centred Comply with the laws of teaching Comply with the National Curriculum Standards Be comprehensive Be divided into stages Be adjustable
Effective Principle	Content	Effective teaching includes effectiveness and efficiency. It stresses on achieving the teaching effect within a limited time. In other words, teaching objectives should be achieved with minimal time.
Effective Principle	Methods	1.Know the students' needs 2.Make a reasonable teaching plan 3.Let the students define the study goal 4.Design the teaching activities 5.Use language that is easy to understand 6.Pay attention to the students' response 7.Encourage the students to ask questions 8.Encourage the students to evaluate themselves 9.Offer abundant learning resources
Realistic Principle	Content	In general, realness refers to teachers designing teaching content, teaching process, and teaching methods based on English used by native speakers.
Realistic Principle	Methods	1.Grasp the purpose of using language 2.Use real teaching content 3.Design pragmatically real activities 4.Design teaching appraisal

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