英语课程与教学论

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课前准备：

从教学过程分析，中小学英语教学是一系列教师教和学生学的活动。

教师导引：教学过程就是教学活动开展的程序与时间流程。不同的教学理念往往提出不同的教学过程。

小贴士：在学校教育中，这些活动主要表现为课堂活动，也表现为课外活动。

小试牛刀

What are the features of classroom teaching activities?

Key:
The features of classroom teaching activities include the following points:
1) they are designed according to students’ needs;
2) they are conducive to students’ language learning;
3) they are consistent with language learning theories.

学习目标

After studying this chapter, you should be able to

1.Identify the main types of classroom activities;

2.Understand the main features of classroom activities; and

3.Design classroom activities based on specific needs.

4.Identify the main types of extracurricular activities;

5.Be more aware of the features of extracurricular activities; and

6.Design extracurricular activities based on specific needs.

知识结构

Chapter 8 Activities of Teaching English in Schools
Classroom Activities	Start-up	Definition Start-up refers to the beginning of the teaching activities. A good start-up greatly improves the chances of success. Pre-class activities The main purpose of pre-class activities is to prepare for the teaching. The beginning of the lesson The beginning of the lesson should be natural in order to help lessen learning anxiety, prepare students emotionally, and focus student attention. Revision Revision refers to students revising knowledge they have learned in preparation for new learning.
	Language Learning	Definition: Language learning is the process which allows achievement of teaching objectives. New language lead-in Lead-in refers to the activities based on what students have already grasped, which teachers use to lead to new language. In the teaching process, teachers can use task lead-in, plot lead-in, knowledge lead-in, real event lead-in, news lead-in, etc. to introduce new language. New language presentation New language presentation refers to presenting new learning content to students. As this is the first contact with the text, it is instrumental in helping students to form appropriate language use. Task presentation Task presentation is in the pre-task stage. It is very important to help students become familiar with task context and understand the task requirements. New language learning New language learning usually includes teacher explanations and illustrations and student drills and consolidation.
	Language Performance	Definition: Language performance refers to classroom activities that cultivate student language competence. Practice Practice is teaching activities carried out before production and after students have learned new language content. Production Production is a clear measure of whether students can use the new language to finish tasks.
	Summary	Definition Summary is very important for English classroom teaching in elementary and middle school. Summary Teachers can make a summary of the teaching content of the class when class ends. Assignment and ending Homework is an effective activity for consolidating what students have learned in class.
Extracurricular Activities	Mini-activities	Playing games Simon Says Passing the message Acting and guessing Getting to know yourself Linking words Songs and rhyme Telling stories Writing diaries in English or diaries about English learning Reading extracurricular English materials and share reviews Doing mini-fieldwork and visits
Extracurricular Activities	Large-scale Activities	Drama performance Establishing English newspapers or English programs Creating websites in English or English learning websites Making exhibitions of English handwriting or contests on English pronunciation “English Festival” or “English Corner”

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