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课前准备：

完成本章小试牛刀的题目。

教师导引：教师引导学生思考影响中小学英语教学要素有哪些。

小贴士：联系本章内容思考和分析实际生活中有关中小学英语教学因素的问题。

小试牛刀

学习目标

After studying this section，you should be able to：

1.Acquire an understanding of students' learning roles;

2.Identify individual differences in students in primary and secondary schools;

3.Recognize the features of successful language learners;

4.Acquire an understanding of the nature, classification, and development of language learning strategies in language learners; and

5.Analyze and solve related issues for students in English teaching procedures.

6.Understand the role of teachers in elementary and middle schools;

7.Identify the basic qualities of teachers in elementary and middle schools; and

8.Understand approaches to teacher development in elementary and middle schools.

9.Understand the basic meaning and characteristics of teaching content;

10.Become aware of the scope of teaching content; and

11.Analyze the practical issues of teaching content using the relevant theories.

12.Understand the definition and major content of English teaching environments;

13.Identify the constituent factors of English teaching environments;

14.Understand the significance and effects of teaching environments in language teaching; and

15.Master strategies to control and optimize teaching environments.

知识结构

Chapter 3 Elements of English Teaching in Schools
Students Students'
Learning
Roles		 Master
Students should be the masters of their own learning and take a leading role in the teaching activities.
Participant
Students should think and participate actively, express their attitudes, and display their talents so as to maintain their passion for learning.
Co-operator
English learning involves teacher-student and student-student interaction.
Feedback provider
In the teaching process, students should advise teachers whether the methodology is suitable for them.
Students'
Individual
Differences 		 Language Potential is an intrinsic talent, refers to cognitive ability or the capacity to learn a language.
Cognitive Style is a term used to describe an individual's characteristic approach to receiving, saving, transferring, withdrawing and utilizing information.
Emotion
• Learning motivation is an inner process or psychological state, stimulating an individual's learning activities, maintaining existing learning activities, and boosting focus on the learning goal.
• Attitude refers to the definite purposes one has, and efforts one makes in certain concrete activities.
• Character refers to the relatively stable, but also variable, psychological properties of a person's attitudes and behaviors. It is an important emotional element and it partially determines how well an English learner can perform.
Successful
Language
Learners'
Learning
Strategies 		Content and classification of learning strategies:
• learning strategies, communicative strategies, and social strategies.
• learning strategies and communicative strategies.
• meta-cognitive strategies, cognitive strategies, and social emotive strategies.
Significance of developing learner strategies:
Effective learning strategies can improve learning styles, lessen learning burdens, enhance learning quality, and be beneficial to the cultivation of students' ability of autonomons study.
Steps towards cultivating learner strategies
• Teaching students to identify their current strategies, and helping them to coordinate applicable strategies.
• Consciously helping students to form their own strategies, and develop the ability to adjust them
• Providing students with practice materials and opportunities
• Knowing the characteristics, existing beliefs, common strategies and learning styles of their students.
Teacher Teacher
Roles		 Instructor Controller
Assessor Organizer
Promoter Participant
Resource-provider Researcher
Facilitator
The
Professional
Qualifications
of
Teachers 		Morality
Morality is the most important quality of teachers and one which determines the teachers' devotion and persistent pursuit of quality in education.
Personality
An English teacher's personality is a comprehensive reflection of his/her quality.
Professional Quality
• Solid professional knowledge and skills
• Comprehensive teaching ability
• A system of theoretical knowledge
• Research capability
Teacher
Professional
Development		 The content of professional development
Teacher professional development is a dynamic process. Teachers' ideas, motivations, attitudes, values, professional skills and behaviors are constantly adjusted and amended through reflections, evaluations and challenges.
The process of professional development
• Awareness and ability to perform sustained development
• Improve teaching reflection
• Enhance professional training
Teaching
Content		 The
Basic
Meaning		 Teaching content refers to the combination of language, skills, techniques, ideas, concepts, principles, issues and behavioral habits in a teaching process.
The
Characteristics
of
Teaching
Content		 Scientific Ideological
Basic Systematic
Suitable Forward-looking
Practical
The
Teaching
Content
in
Elementary
and Middle
School		 • Language knowledge
• Language skills
• Emotional attitudes
• Learning strategies
• Cultural awareness
Teaching
Environments		 Contents
of
Teaching
Environments		 The main elements of teaching environments are:
1. The social environment
2. The school environment
3. Personal circumstances
The
Function
of
the
Teaching
Environments		 1.The significance of analysis of the teaching environment
2.The impact of teaching environments on English learning activities
3.The control and optimization of English teaching environments
(1) Overall coordination
(2) Enhancing characteristics
(3) Fully utilizing resources
(4) Screening information
(5) Students' self regulation

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