Part I: Words & Expressions

1.be built into (para. 1) to make…inherent

The rate of pay was built into the labor contract.

2.clear-cut (para. 3)

On matters of principle we should be clear-cut in attitude, and by no means be equivocal.

3.humanity vs. humility

4.be / pay a tribute to (para. 6)

I want to take this opportunity to pay a public tribute to him.

5.get the message across (para. 6)

The campaign is trying to get the message across to young people that drugs are dangerous.

6.Word Formation

(1)self-serving (para. 6)

self-taught self-centered self-directed

self-censoring self-defeating

(2)all-pervasive (para. 7)

all-important all-inclusive all-wise

all-present all-round

branch out (para. 10)

The company has branched out into car leasing.

It is usually best to start with simple examples and then branch out slowly as you learn more.

8.in direct/inverse proportion to (para. 13)

The value of life will be only in direct proportion to his achievements and the contributions he

makes to society.

Part II. Paraphrase

(1)…in many cultures the mores of the culture condemn those who openly strive for it. (para. 3)

…in many cultures openly trying to gain power is regarded as running counter to the code of

conduct of the culture, and those who do so are strongly disapproved of.

Most of us cannot get through a day without complaint; to be satisfied with how others have

treated us for a week would seem like an eternity. (para. 7)

Most of us can find something to complain about daily. Any feeling of satisfaction with how we

are treated won’t last as long as a week.

Part III. Grammar

As 作为关系代词

(1) as 引导的限定性定语从句，主要出现在一些固定的结构中，如 such…as, the same…as, as…as…

1) Transistors have such advantages as are described in the book.

(as 在从句中作主语)

2) She is not such a carless student as you think she is. (as在从句中作表语)

3) Such symbols as we often use in mathematics are Greek letters.(as在从句中作宾语)

4) The instrument is not such as I saw on the exhibition. (as 在 从句中作宾语，such 作代词，充当as 的先行词)

5) It is said that the moon is made of the same kind of matter as exists on the earth .(和 same 连用)

(2) as 引导的非限定性定语从句，as 代替整个主句或主句的一部分。

1) As is announced in today’s newspapers, there will be an earthquake in the next few days.

2) He is absent, as is often the case.

3) As you will find out, I will never let you down.