PART 4 总结反思

教师对该部分所讲内容进行总结，针对下一部分的学习布置相关任务：

1.Elements that make up the total spectacle include: setting, costuming, props, blocking (the arrangement of characters on the stage), movement, gestures, intonation, and pacing (the tempo and coordination of performance).

2.The differences between reading a play and seeing a play.

Hint: While reading is an act in the time dimension, seeing a play is an experience of both time and space. While reading drama, we are like directors planning a production and determine the perspective from which it will be staged. While seeing drama, we see the characters, costumed and moving within a specified setting, and to mentally hear the lines and the tones. We might also like to see the characters under lights and imagine every detail of a possible production, such as shades of make-up, loudness of sound effects.

3.Principles we should know to get far more out of a play while reading dialogues from drama:

(1)A play has to take place somewhere. (2) Stage directions specify gestures and costumes because a play is not simply words but words spoken with accompanying gestures by performers who are usually costumed and in a particular setting. (3) Pay attention to whatever sound effects are specified in the play. (4) Pay attention to silences, including pauses within speeches or between speeches. (5) We learn not only to listen to the eloquence of their silence, but to respond to the revealing remark or gesture of the characters. The dialogue does not convey information only. It reveals characters and themes.

4. Plot and plot structures of a well-built tragedy

Plot is the way the playwright has chosen to tell his story, the detailed arrangement of incidents for maximum meaning or beauty or suspense. The plot must have some sort of unity and clarity by setting up a pattern by which each action initiating the next rather than standing alone without connection to what came before it or what follows.

Introduction, rising action, climax or crisis (turning point), falling action, and catastrophe.