Part 1 Vocabulary

Directions: Choose the answer that can best complete the sentence.

1. The medieval monk lived a(n) life, living alone or with few others, in Spartan conditions.

A. canny

B. irrevocable

C. irreverent

D. irresistible

2. Since the violinist failed to practice regularly, his performance contained several errors which ruined the performance.

A. heavy

B. egregious

C. minor

D. flawed

3. I don't want him to feel to wear the shirt just because I gave it to him.

A. appreciated

B. confined

C. pricked

D. obligated

4. Large raindrops pelted them without mercy, striking their heads and bodies fiercely, as if intent on leaving a(n) impression on their memories.

A. plausible

B. negligible

C. incredible

D. indelible

5. Burdened by debt, John abandons his dreams of reforming medicine to take a conventional but practice in London.

A. illegible

B. lucrative

C. intangible

D. innovative

6. Science is always , expecting that modifications of its present theories will sooner or later be found necessary.

A. tentative

B. original

C. conclusive

D. inflexible

7. Duke Ellington’s jazz symphonies were attacked by classical critics who thought that the entire attempt to fuse jazz as a form with classical music should be .

A. recovered

B. discouraged

C. Promoted

D. acclaimed

8. The speaker was clever enough to wander from his topic to on a point that had obviously caught his audience’s attention.

A. interrupt

B. explain

C. stress

D. elaborate

9. In many parts of East Africa at that time, wild animals were so that it was almost impossible for a photographer to approach close enough to film them.

10. As early as 1662, two thousands miners from Tyne and Wear had the King about insufficient ventilation in the mines.

A. petitioned

B. claimed

C. reckoned

D. rebuked

Part II Correctness and Effectiveness of Expression

Directions: Choose the answer that can replace the underlined part.

1. The presidents tone of voice was such forceful that the students knew that the university authorities took the incident seriously.

A. such as

B. so that

C. such that

D.as such

2. The most useful way of looking at a map is not as a piece of paper, but as a record of being geographical organized information.

A. organized geographical information

B. geographical organized information

C. organizing information geographically

D. geographically organized information

3. The client was waiting for fifteen minuteswhen the receptionist suddenly looked up from her work, noticed him, and informed him that his appointment had been canceled.

A. The client had been waiting for fifteen minutes when

B. The client, having waited for fifteen minutes, when

C. Already the client was waiting for fifteen minutes when

D. When the client waited for fifteen minutes,

4. Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied for years, but only recently has the harmful effects of noise pollution become known.

A.have the harmful effects of noise pollution become known

B. the harmful effects of noise pollution has become known

C. the harmful effects of noise pollution have become known

D. do the harmful effects of noise pollution have become known

5. George never understood that he gained promotions in the company through his family connections and not inhis native ability.

A or not by

B. and not by

C. and not through

D. but by

Part III Reading Comprehension

Directions: Read the following two passages and choose the answer that can best answer the question.

Passage 1

Tracing the trail of the public and critical reception of Alexander pope's work can serve as a useful guide to literary criticism. Pope, who lived from 1688 to 1744, was widely acknowledged as the premier poet of his age. His measured couplets and careful attention to language symbolized the Neoclassical movement, which valued correctness, wit, and sense. At the same time, Pope, an outcast because of both his physical condition (he had spinal tuberculosis, which resulted in stunted growth and a hump back) and his religion (he was Roman Catholic and, as such, prohibited by the Test Act from engaging in many aspects of public life), was a formidable satirist who was feared and disliked by many of his contemporaries. This aspect can also be seen as indicative of the age, poetry at the time was highly topical and engaged in current political and social topics.

By the beginning of the 19th century, however, the very aspects of structure and subject that had so enthralled pope's own age served to tarnish his reputation. The Romantic movement had no use for poetic decorum; instead it sought unmediated emotion and language that swept the reader away. Pope’s strict attention to meter and rhyme and carefully constructed language were seen as the opposite of true poetry. Further, poetry was supposed to be about nature and the sublime, not politics and court intrigues. Pope’s work, once so highly admired, fell by the wayside, judged as lacking in both form and content.

Nor did he regain popularity later in the century. While the Victorian poets returned to dealing with topics of contemporary interest, as evidenced in such works as Matthew Armold’s “Dover Beach,” the Romantic prejudice for seemingly unstudied poetry still held sway; Pope's poetry and the 18th century in general were barely acknowledged by the canon. Neoclassical works were ignored by the critics, who had a radically different criterion for evaluation literature.

The 1930s and the birth of New Criticism rejuvenated Pope’s status. Rather than focusing on intangibles such as feeling and impression, the New Critics, whose work marked the inception of modern literary theory, sought to measure aesthetic worth through formal attributes such as rhythm,meter, and literary devices. They were particularly enamored with the poet's ability to construct with contrast through language, yet maintain equilibrium; thus Pope’s employment of poetic forms such as zeugma and concepts such as concordia discors meshed nicely with New Critic's program. His work was recovered and held up as one of the highest examples of literary art. However, Pope’s newfound appreciation would not last long.

Pope's work was never wiped out as completely in the 20th century as it it was in the 19th century. While the birth of feminism in the 1970s and post-structuralism in the 1980s lessoned critical adoration of Pope, it would be more accurate to say the focus of attention shifted rather than vanished. Indeed, new theoretical views often resulted in the recasting of the ideas of the previous critical paradigm. As each new wave of critical theory arose, pope's work was reassessed.

Passage 1

It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the 19th century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician,warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels, however,predicted that women would be liberated from the"social, legal, and economic subordination of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of “the whole female sex into public industry.” Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanization’s effects, but they agreed that it would transform women’s lives.

Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in women’s economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of women’s work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was largely an extension of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880screated a new class of “dead-end” jobs, thenceforth considered “women’s work.” The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the 20th century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women-workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.

Women’s work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women,s household labor remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that technology is always inherently revolutionary in its effects on society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both in the labor market and in the home.

1.What is the main topic of the passage?

A.The relationship between poetry and religion in the 19th and 20th centuries.

B.Values of Alexander Pope's works.

C.Examination of the critical reception of the poetry of Alexander Pope through the last three hundred years.

D.Analysis of the features of Alexander Pope's poems.

2.According to the passage, the key values of Neoclassical works can be summarized as

A.poetry that has appropriateness and is precise and acute

B poetry that concerns about political issues

C.poetry that employs a variety of rhetorical devices to attract its readers

D poetry that focuses on rhymed couplets

3.A Romantic critic would most like a poem that

A.used unmediated language to express passionate views on nature

B strictly conformed to meter and rhyme

C took a satiric view of life

D evoked the sublime by creating and balancing contrast through language and poetic figures

4.It can be inferred from the passage that New Criticism was regarded as the beginning of modern criticism due to the fact that it .

A.argued that Pope was an interesting writer but an outcry later

B.evaluated aesthetic value through inexpressible such as emotions

C.implied that literature should be examined for concrete aspects rather than indescribable feelings and impressions

D.was the first critical movement of the 20th century

5.In the beginning of the last paragraph, the author suggests that appreciation for pope's work in the 20th century was .

A.more popular than at any previous time

B. increased by the modern readers of post-structuralism

C. more widespread in critical circles than it was in the 19th century

D. at the height of the times

6.What does the passage two mainly talk about?

A. Little effects of the mechanization on the revolution of women's work.

B. Revolution of a society's traditional values and the customary roles of its members.

C Changes of women’s work after the Industrial Revolution.

D. New classes of jobs that did not previously exist created by the mechanization of work

7.According to the passage, which of the following was the common practice many employers preferred before the 20th century?

A. They employed workmen to do jobs which were related only women’s traditional household work.

B. They tended to employ single rather than married women.

C. They did not employ women as secretaries at offices.

D They disliked technological innovations that would fundamentally change women's roles in the traditional family.

8.According to the author, what is the main factor that pushed employers to hire married women in the 20th century?

A. More women were needed to undertake the secretarial work due to the changes in office technology.

B. Married women as a group generally asked for much lower pay than did single women and men.

C. The number of single women had significantly declined due to the high marriage rate,leaving employers no choice but to hire married women.

D. The available pool of married women expanded thanks to the mechanization of housework

9.Which of the following would the author probably believe as an indication of a fundamental alteration in the conditions of women’s work?

A.The majority of women are now doing white-collar jobs.

B.Working women’s wages and salaries are, on the average, as high as those of working men.

C.Married men are now doing some household tasks.

D.The labor market has created a new class of jobs in electronics in which women workers outnumber men.

10.Concerning those historians who study the history of women, the author most probably believes that .

A. their work provides insights important to those examining social phenomena affecting the lives of both sexes

B. they oppose the further innovations of work, which tends to keep inequalities in society in existence

C. they concentrate only on the role of women in the workplace, so they draw more reliable conclusions than do other historians

D. their work can only be used cautiously by scholars in other disciplines